Molybdenum and TZM Alloy Plastic Processing Technology

To rational design the plastic processing technology can effectively change the state structure of molybdenum and TZM alloy to improve its performance, especially improved brittleness. In molybdenum and TZM alloy plastic processing, deformation temperature, deformation degree and heat treatment temperature are important parameters affecting its structural state. During plastic processing there is must go through three temperature stages, which are hot working, warm working and cold working.

There are two ways of thermal working. One is processing above recrystallization temperature with large rolling reduction for cogging, and through hot forging, rolling and extrusion can obtain dense structure equiaxed coarse-grained organization, having low dislocation density and internal stress. The second is processing at proximity to or on the recrystallization temperature, through controlling dynamic recrystallization plastic deformation, so the deformation and recovery, recrystallization can reach dynamic equilibrium, so as to obtain significant fine grain structure or sub-grain organization and fine equiaxed grains under high temperatures recovered state. In the hot deformation process, strengthening and softening to achieve a balance, the temperature and deformation degree can control grain size, so in thermal processing is impossible to form the dislocation cellular tissue.

Warm working is processing at a temperature above the plastic - brittle transition temperature, but below the recrystallization temperature. Warm working, it is an important processing step, generally intermediate processing step, but also can be finished product procedure. Through warm processing can obtain sub-structure, so that molybdenum and TZM alloy having high strength and toughness.

Cold working is unlike general room temperature processing, which is processing above plastic - brittle transition temperature, but below t * characteristic temperature. Cold working at t * temperature the crystal lattice Peine strength and yield strength have been significantly improved and the dislocation density have been increased. With the increase of deformation, dislocation chaotically distributed on dislocation forest way, or formed dislocation tangles deformed cells. In the cold working process should follow with stress annealing, so that the process can smoothly.

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TZM Alloy and Molybdenum Performance Comparison

Observing sintered TZM alloy and molybdenum microstructure found, TZM alloy sintered grains is about 30um, while pure molybdenum sintered grains is about 40um. This is because Ti and Zr and other the trace element in TZM alloy are conducive to refine the grain, so TZM alloy grains compare to molybdenum’s is smaller.

TZM alloy room temperature property is significantly higher than molybdenum’s, but not as good as its elongation. At 1200 ℃ high temperature, the tensile strength of molybdenum has dropped significantly, while the tensile strength of the TZM alloy remained at a high level. This is mainly because TZM alloy second phase impede dislocation movement, resulting in a significant second phase strengthening and solid solution strengthening, improved strength of the alloy. Meanwhile, dispersed second phase having pinning effect on dislocation will reduce the deformation resistance of the alloy, resulting in ductility property significantly reduced. The molybdenum at 1200 ℃ high temperature occurs recrystallization, so the strength of it is not as good as TZM alloy, while plastic is better than TZM alloy.

Observing tensile fracture morphology of TZM alloy and molybdenum at room temperature and 1200℃ high temperatures found, at room temperature, TZM alloy fracture morphology is cleavage fracture, so the elongation is poor. At 1200 ℃ high temperature, TZM alloy fracture morphology has changed. There are has many dimples, and the fracture morphology is dimples-cleavage fracture, so the elongation get some improvement, higher than the room temperature elongation. Molybdenum high-temperature tensile fracture morphology shows ridge pattern humanoid, with a clear dimples, so it has good elongation.

TZM alloy starting recrystallization temperature is about 1350 ℃, the end recrystallization temperature is about 1700 ℃. Molybdenum starting recrystallization temperature is about 850 ℃, and the end recrystallization temperature is about 1250 ℃.

Second Half of 2015 Molybdenum Market Prospect

Domestic market: second half of 2015, China's domestic economic growth is expected to rebound. In the demand side, "one belt and one road" development strategy, nation nuclear power re-construction and other development strategy will stimulate demand for the steel industry, thus further stimulating demand for molybdenum. But due to construction project involves a longer period, the second half of this year is expected to stimulate demand is limited. In the supply side, as the price fell to the majority of mine cost line, the second half of the domestic molybdenum concentrate, molybdenum oxide supply will be eased and the International associated molybdenum mine capacity will not be fully released. Taking all these various factors, the second half of 2015 domestic molybdenum prices is expected to bottom shock or slightly better than the first half.

International market: the second half of 2015, the global economy still uncertain, the downstream steel industry will slightly changed to good side. In the supply side, North America monomer molybdenum and South America associated molybdenum production will not release too much, so market supply will not be greatly affected. Since the third quarter is the traditional summer break, expect the market will remain weak, after the summer break, with the end of the industry off-season, is expected to international molybdenum prices will remain stable or rise slightly possible.

The First Half of 2015 Molybdenum’s Market

The first half of 2015, China's domestic molybdenum market showed a continued downward trend. In the first quarter by the impact of the Chinese New Year holidays, molybdenum concentrate had limited in stock, although the lack of demand, but the price decline is not very large. In the second quarter, although there are a series of initiatives to promote the molybdenum market, but as demand continued to decline, supply continued to increase, while imports of raw materials on the domestic raw materials market also caused a greater impact, so product prices fell to a lower price. According molybdenum and comelan website average price showed the first half of 2015 the average price of molybdenum concentrate was RMB 1,122.09 yuan/ton, down 20.14%. The lowest price is 990 yuan/ton and the highest price is RMB 1,260 yuan/ton. The first half of 2015 the ferro molybdenum (60% Mo) average price is 78,200 yuan/ton, down 19.38%. The lowest price of ferro molybdenum is 70,000 yuan/ton and the highest price of it is 87,000 yuan/ton. The first half of 2015, affected by the lack of demand, international molybdenum prices also showed a continued downward trend. The first quarter of 2015, the global steel industry was dismal performance and molybdenum market demand continues to not busy. Besides, traders purchase is fatigue, so the international price of molybdenum oxide shock decline. Oil prices continued to decline in the second quarter, the downstream demand continues to slump, coupled with China's export tariffs canceled which cause international markets panic and molybdenum price down under such pressure. According to the International MW prices in the first half 2015 MW average molybdenum oxide price is $ 7.98/pound, down 32.37%, the lowest price was $6.20/pound and the highest price is $ 9.45 / pound.

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Molybdenum Targets

Tungsten and Molybdenum with Sapphire

For the past 15 years single crystal sapphire has been at the cutting edge of semiconductor technology.

A combination of unique chemical, physical, optical and mechanical properties make sapphire the best choice for a broad spectrum.

•  Chemical resistance.
Sapphire is highly inert and resistant to attack in most process environments including hydrofluoric acid and the fluorine plasma applications commonly found in semiconductor wafer processing (NF3, CF4).

• Mechanical properties.
Sapphire is characterized by high toughness and solidity, and demonstrates excellent resistance in different environments ranging from cryogenic to over 1500°C. Due to this characteristics combined with chemical stability sapphire is widely used in medicine: endoscope and probe lenses, needles for thermal treatment of tumors, scalpels etc.

• Electrical properties.
Sapphire provides a high, stable dielectric constant with the electrical insulation required for LED, RF and microwave applications.

• Optical transmission.
Sapphire is characterized by high transmission in the range of UV to near IR. Given the chemical stability, high temperature and high pressure resistance sapphire is the preferred choice for window / viewport applications in high performance vacuum systems, furnaces, deep sea cameras, fire alarm systems etc.

• Surface properties.
Sapphire can be polished to very high flatness and smoothness for substrate applications and precision mechanical components.

• Thermal properties.
With a melting point over 2000°C, and high thermal conductivity sapphire is often used in many harsh process environments.

• Wear properties.
With high hardness and transparency, sapphire is used for scratch proof windows in high wear applications and for precision mechanical components.

If you want know more details about sapphire, please click the following link: www.tungsten-molybdenum-sapphire.com.

Tungsten and molybdenum is the most widely used material in the production of sapphire as for their excellent properties. If you are in producing sapphire, please feel free to contact us for the quotation of there two materials.

How Many Do You Know About Molybdenum Trioxde(MoO3)?

What is molybdenum trioxide?

Molybdenum trioxide is chemical compound with the formula MoO3. This compound is produced on the largest scale of any molybdenum compound. It occurs as the rare mineral molybdite. Its chief application is as an oxidation catalyst and as a raw material for the production of molybdenum metal. The oxidation state of molybdenum in this compound is +6.

Molybdenum Trioxde Powder

MoO3

Molybdenum trioxide can been used in the following:

Molybdenum trioxide is used to manufacture molybdenum metal, which serves as an additive to steel and corrosion-resistant alloys. The relevant conversion entails treatment of MoO3 with hydrogen at elevated temperatures:

MoO3 + 3 H2 → Mo + 3 H2O

It is also a component of the co-catalyst used in the industrial production of acrylonitrile by the oxidation of propene andammonia.

Because of its layered structure and the ease of the Mo(VI)/Mo(V) coupling, MoO3 is of interest in electrochemical devices and displays. Molybdenum trioxide has also been suggested as a potential anti-microbial agent, e.g., in polymers. In contact with water, it forms H+ ions that can kill bacteria effectively. However, the issue of keeping the catalyst clean in an environment that would exploit such antimicrobial properties has not been explored.

If you have any interest in molybdenum trioxide(MoO3), please do not hesitate to contact us.

 

Tungsten and Molybdenum Furnace Components

What is tungsten and molybdenum furnace components?

Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals as well as a remarkably high modulus of elasticity. Molybdenum also belongs to the refractory metals group with excellent thermal properties and is still easy to machine. So, tungsten, molybdenum and their alloy are the best choices for the all kinds of high temperature furnace. They can easily withstand even the most intense heat.

Molybdenum Bolts

Molybdenum Crucibles

Molybdenum Screws

Tungsten and molybdenum furnace components
Chemical composition:
Tungsten >99.95% ( percentage by weight)
Molybdenum >99.95%, molybdenum lanthanum alloy, TZM alloy
Specification:
Round, square, special design according to drawing
Surface finish:
< Ra3.2 shining furnace
Working temperature:
1500 ~ 2600 In Vacuum or deoxidize atmosphere
Produce Method: Powder Metallurgy

Tungsten and Molybdenum Furnace Components Main applications:
Sapphire single crystal growth furnace, metallurgical industry furnace, vacuum furnace, high temperature furnace, silicon industry furnace, quartz glass, metal extracting, , machinery processing, glass and ceramic industries, etc.